This review describes Semmelweis' achievement 150 years ago. User acce
ptability of hand disinfectants has been improved, but Semmelweis' obs
ervation that handwashing, in contrast to hygienic hand disinfection,
is not always sufficiently effective, is not yet generally acknowledge
d, and the compliance of medical personnel to the rules of hand hygien
e still remains an educational problem to be solved. (C) 1998 Lippinco
tt-Raven Publishers.