SKELETO-MUSCULAR MORPHOLOGY OF THE PTEROTHORAX AND MALE GENITALIA OF SYNEMON PLANA WALKER (CASTNIIDAE) AND BRACHODES APPENDICULATA (ESPER) (BRACHODIDAE), WITH NOTES ON PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS OF TORTRICOID-GRADE MOTH FAMILIES (LEPIDOPTERA)

The skeleton and musculature of the meso- and metathorax as well as of the male genitalia of Synemon plana Walker (Castniidae) and Brachodes appendiculata (Esper) (Brachodidae) are described, illustrated and co mpared with corresponding structures earlier described from the Cossid ae, Choreutidae, Zygaenidae, Limacodidae and Sesiidae. Cladistic analy ses of the muscle data, both separately and in combination with those of other characters, were performed to reveal relationships among thes e families. Our findings supported the monophyly of a group composed o f three families (Brachodidae, Sesiidae and Castniidae) constituting t he superfamily Sesioidea sensu Miner, and hence indicated that the Cho reutidae are nor closely related to the Sesioidea. The character set c omprised no synapomorphies of the Limacodidae and Zygaenidae, currentl y united in the superfamily Zygaenoidea sensu Minet. A sister-group re lationship between the Cossoidea and most if not all other superfamili es of Apoditrysia is suggested.