SPHINCTER PHARYNGOPLASTY - SPEECH OUTCOME AND COMPLICATIONS

Objectives: To assess the speech outcomes and complications in childre n who had undergone sphincter pharyngoplasty (SP) for management of ve lopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Study Design: Retrospective chart re view. Methods: Charts from patients who had sphincter pharyngoplasty b etween January 1993 and June 1996 were reviewed. Syndrome diagnosis an d presence of repaired cleft palate were reviewed. Preoperative speech assessment, videofluoroscopic and nasopharyngoscopic evaluations, age at time of surgery, and postoperative speech assessments were reviewe d for all patients. Postoperative videofluoroscopy and nasopharyngosco py were performed for those patients who had persistent VPI. Obstructi ve sleep symptoms were also assessed. Results: Thirty patients were id entified; six patients had no follow-up evaluation, leaving 24 patient s included in this study. Average follow-up was 11.7 months (range, 2- 35 mo). Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) was the most commonly identif ied syndrome. Postoperatively, 15 of 24 patients (62.5%) had complete resolution of their VPI; five of 24 (20.8%) had significant improvemen t; one of 24 (4.2%) had minimal to no change; and three of 24 (12.5%) were hyponasal. Of the six patients with some degree of persistent VPI , three underwent revision surgery. All three patients had complete re solution of their VPI after revision surgery, resulting in an overall success rate of 18 of 24 (75%). Conclusions: Sphincter pharyngoplasty has wide application in the management of children with VPI, including those with VCFS. The procedure is readily modified to accommodate an individual patient's needs as determined by preoperative VPI evaluatio n. A modification of the procedure is described to minimize the risk o f postoperative airway obstruction and hyponasality, both regarded as airway complications of sphincter pharyngoplasty.