STAGE-II NONSEMINOMATOUS TESTIS CANCER - THE ROLES OF PRIMARY AND ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY

Historically, a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) has been the primary treatment of stage II nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NS GCT) patients, whereas chemotherapy has been used in the adjuvant sett ing. Increasing evidence of the efficacy of chemotherapy has led to ad ditional treatment possibilities for stage II patients. Both chemother apy and RPLND have a role in the primary therapy of stage II NSGCT, an d both modalities can be used as secondary adjunctive therapy. Managem ent of these patients now requires a renewed emphasis on risk stratifi cation and on the integration of patient preferences into the manageme nt algorithm.