Ws. Wu et al., GENETIC-STUDIES ON CHROMOSOME-12 IN LATE-ONSET ALZHEIMER-DISEASE, JAMA, the journal of the American Medical Association, 280(7), 1998, pp. 619-622
Context. - The only genetic locus universally accepted to be important
as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) is the apolipo
protein E (APOE) locus on chromosome 19. However, this locus does not
account for all the risk in late-onset disease, and a recent report ha
s suggested a second locus on chromosome 12p11-12. Objective. - To loo
k for evidence of linkage on chromosome 12 and to test for the presenc
e of the new locus in an independent sample of familial late-onset AD
cases. Design. - Retrospective cohort study. As part of a 20-centimorg
an genome screen (approximately equal to 200 markers), we tested a ser
ies of 18 genetic markers on chromosome 12 and carried out multipoint,
nonparametric lod score and exclusion analyses. Setting. - Clinic pop
ulations in the continental United States selected from the National I
nstitute of Mental Health AD Genetics Consortium. Patients. - We selec
ted samples for DNA analysis from affected sibling pairs, 497 subjects
from 230 families with 2 or more affected individuals with probable o
r definite AD with onset ages older than 60 years (mean +/- SD, 75 +/-
6 years). Within the families, we used the 2 probable or definitely a
ffected individuals. In families with more than 2 such cases available
, we used all of them; in families with only 2 such cases in which una
ffected individuals were available, we also sampled the oldest unaffec
ted individual and used genotype data from this unaffected individual
to check for nonpaternity and genotyping errors. Main Outcome Measure.
- Presence of linkage or locus on chromosome 12. Results. - Although
linkage analyses confirmed the presence of a genetic susceptibility fa
ctor at the APOE locus in these families with late-onset AD, we were u
nable to confirm the presence of a locus close to the marker D12S1042.
A moderate lod score (1.91) was found near D12S98 close to the alpha(
2)-macroglobulin locus in the affected pairs in which both members did
not possess an APOE epsilon 4 allele. Conclusions. - APOE remains the
only locus established to be a risk factor for late-onset AD. We were
unable to confirm that a locus on chromosome 12p11-12 has a major eff
ect on risk for late-onset AD, although an effect smaller than that fo
r APOE cannot be excluded.