Copper is an essential cofactor in all cells. However, it remains larg
ely unknown how cells deal with this element, which is essential yet t
oxic. Through the study of microbial model systems on the one hand, an
d the investigation of inherited diseases in copper metabolism on the
other, important insights into the way cells deal with copper can be g
ained. Two key new elements of copper metabolism have emerged from the
se studies: ATP-driven copper pumps and intracellular copper transport
proteins, the copper chaperones.