DEVELOPMENTAL-STUDY ON REDUCTION AND KINKS OF THE TAIL IN A NEW MUTANT KNOTTY-TAIL MOUSE

The knotty-tail (knt/knt) mouse has a short and knotty tail. The tail deformity is caused by a decrease in the number of caudal vertebrae an d a deformity of them in the distal part of the tail. The objective of the study was to determine how reduction and kinks of the tail region were formed during secondary body formation. By day 12.0 pc, the somi togenesis of knt/knt embryos was completed; the number of caudal somit es more or less agreed with those of the caudal vertebrae in knt/knt m ice and were similar to those of knt/+ embryos. On the other hand, the somitogenesis of knt/+ embryos continued up to day 12.5 pc. The somit es below about the sixth caudal somite were wedge-shaped with a dorsal apex in knt/knt embryos. The location of abnormal somites also corres ponded well to that of deformed caudal vertebrae. Abnormal somitogenes is was always preceded by abnormalities in the presomitic region. Unde r gross observation, this could be seen to become markedly thickened, and histologically its dorsoventral diameter increased in the transver se plane on days 10.5-12.0 pc. In the mesenchyme there was often obvio us cell death at the boundary of the unsegmented area and the tail bud after day 10.5 pc. These results suggested that the shortness of tail was primarily caused by the agenesis of distal caudal vertebrae follo wing the agenesis of distal caudal somites, and partly by the disappea rance of the presomitic part due to cell death, while the tail kinks w ere caused by the deformation of each caudal vertebra following distur bances of the caudal somites. Also, it is highly probable that the pro minent cell death at the boundary of the unsegmented area and the tail bud may involve a defect or deformity of somites in this mutant.