Ja. Booth et Pb. Richard, CIVIL-SOCIETY AND POLITICAL CONTEXT IN CENTRAL-AMERICA, American behavioral scientist (Beverly Hills), 42(1), 1998, pp. 33-46
Putnam argues that civil society-citizen activity in organizations-con
tributes to successful governance, but he does not specify in detail h
ow this occurs. This article spells out how citizens' participation in
groups might impinge on the state through both political participatio
n and democratic norms. The authors consider not only Putnam's social
capital but add new ''political capital'' variables. The relationships
among civil society and social and political capital are then explore
d, employing survey data from urban Central America. It is discovered
that political context, specifically regime repression, powerfully aff
ects civil society and social and political capital Furthermore, civil
society more clearly affects political capital variables than social
capital variables.