C. Scheidenberger et al., CHARGE STATES OF RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-IONS IN MATTER, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 142(4), 1998, pp. 441-462
Experimental and theoretical results on charge-exchange cross-sections
and charge-state distributions of relativistic heavy ions penetrating
through matter are presented. The data were taken at the Lawrence Ber
keley Laboratory's BEVALAC accelerator and at the heavy-ion synchrotro
n SIS of GSI in Darmstadt in the energy range 80-1000 MeV/u. Beams fro
m Xe to U impinging on solid and gaseous targets between Be and U were
used. Theoretical models for the charge-state evolution inside matter
for a given initial charge state are presented. For this purpose, com
puter codes have been developed, which are briefly described. Examples
are given which show the successes and limitations of the models. (C)
1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.