IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (IL-1RA) PLASMA-LEVELS ARE COORDINATELY REGULATED BY BOTH IL-1RA AND IL-1-BETA GENES

The genes in the IL-1 complex code for three proteins, IL-1 alpha, IL- 1 beta and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). The severity of a gi ven infection is influenced by the balance between the levels of IL-1 beta, the major extracellular agonist, and that of IL-1 Ra. In healthy individuals, IL-1Ra is readily detectable in plasma but IL-1 beta lev els are usually undetectable. As there are polymorphisms in both of th ese genes, we have now analyzed whether there are allelic associations between these loci and whether these would have an influence on plasm a IL-1Ra levels. In 200 healthy blood donors, the mean plasma IL-1Ra c oncentration was 681 pg/ml. The IL-1Ra allele 2 (IL1RN2) had a clear influence on IL-1Ra levels: its carriers had higher levels than the no n-carriers (745 ng/ml vs. 627 pg/ml, p < 0.05, t-test). As marker alle les for IL-1 beta we used two biallelic base-exchange polymorphisms (a t positions -511 and +3953 relative to the transcriptional start site) . The more rare allele of IL-1 beta -511 (allele 2) was significantly associated with the presence of IL-1 Ra allele 2, but in the case of t he IL-1 beta +3953, the more rare allele (allele 2) was less frequent in the carriers of the IL-1Ra allele 2. These IL-1 beta allelisms did not have a direct influence on plasma IL-1Ra levels, but the enhancing effect of IL-1Ra allele 2 on IL-1Ra plasma levels required the presen ce of the IL-1 beta -511 allele 2 or absence of the IL-1 beta +3953 al lele 2. Taken together, these results indicate that the IL-1 beta gene participates in the regulation of IL-1Ra production in vivo and that the alleles of IL-1 beta and IL-1Ra which demonstrate this cooperative effect are often associated.