P. Biswas et al., SMOOTHING OF SANDPILE SURFACES AFTER INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS AVALANCHES - 3 MODELS IN SEARCH OF AN EXPERIMENT, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics, 58(2), 1998, pp. 1266-1285
We present and analyze in this paper three models of coupled continuum
equations all united by a common theme: the intuitive notion that san
dpile surfaces are left smoother by the propagation of avalanches acro
ss them. Two of these concern smoothing at the ''bare'' interface, app
ropriate to intermittent avalanche flow, while one of them models smoo
thing at the effective surface defined by a cloud of flowing grains ac
ross the ''bare'' interface, which is appropriate to the regime where
avalanches flow continuously across the sandpile.