Hj. Grabke et al., EFFECTS OF GRAIN-SIZE, COLD-WORKING, AND SURFACE FINISH ON THE METAL-DUSTING RESISTANCE OF STEELS, Oxidation of metals, 50(3-4), 1998, pp. 241-254
The presence of easy-diffusion paths is very important for fast format
ion or healing of a protective Cr-rich oxide scale for resistance of c
hromia-forming steels against metal dusting. Such easy-diffusion paths
, grain boundaries, subboundaries, and dislocations are provided by a
fine-grain microstructure, cold and/or surface working-polishing, grin
ding, machining, sand blasting. Their importance and effectiveness are
demonstrated by various laboratory results and also by a failure case
and their appearance is shown by TEM studies on ground steel specimen
s.