Cj. Heinselman et al., A HIGH-LATITUDE OBSERVATION OF SPORADIC SODIUM AND SPORADIC E-LAYER FORMATION, Geophysical research letters, 25(16), 1998, pp. 3059-3062
High-resolution radar and lidar measurements of sporadic sodium (Na-s)
and sporadic E (E-s) layers were made at the Sondrestrom incoherent-s
catter radar facility on 11 December 1997. These measurements suggest
a causal link between E-s and Na-s, supporting the proposed mechanism
in which Na+ ions in the E-s are neutralized to form the Na-s. This Na
-s, by contrast, does not appear to have been formed by the presence o
f auroral precipitation or ionization, and, in fact, the sodium densit
y is seen to decrease during an auroral event.