Rcf. Jones et al., ANNULATION OF DIHYDROIMIDAZOLES - A 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION ROUTE TO PYRROLO[1,2-A]IMIDAZOLES, PYRROLIDINES AND PYRROLES, Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions. I (Print), (13), 1998, pp. 2061-2072
4,5-Dihydroimidazolium ylides, formed by N-alkylation of 4,5-dihydroim
idazoles, undergo diastereoselective endo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition wi
th electron-deficient alkene dipolarophiles to afford hexahydropyrrolo
[1,2-a]imidazoles; reduction of the aminal functionality in the cycloa
dducts leads to substituted pyrrolidines, Cycloaddition using 2-chloro
propenonitrile, followed by base treatment, affords pyrroles.