USE OF THE POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION TO ASSESS THE SUCCESS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS TREATMENT

We investigated whether the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed with aspirates of bone marrow or lymph node can be used as a test of c ure of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Sixty-one VL patients who had rece ived supervised treatment with sodium stibogluconate in the health cen tre of Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) Holland in Um-Kuraa, eastern Sud an, were studied. Immediately after treatment, no parasite could be de monstrated by microscopy in aspirates of bone marrow or lymph node. In contrast, PCR detected Leishmania deoxyribonucleic acid in 50 of the 61 lymph node aspirates (82%). Forty-nine patients were examined 3 and 6 months later; the other 12 were reported to be alive but had left t he area. With 10 of these 49 patients, the PCR was negative and the pa tients remained free from signs and symptoms of VL; they were apparent ly cured. Of the 39 patients with a positive PCR after treatment, 14 ( 36%) developed post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and 9 (23%) had a r ecurrence of VL symptoms with reappearance of parasites in the aspirat es. Four relapsed patients subsequently died of VL. We concluded that the PCR on lymph node aspirates can be used to assess treatment and cu re of VL. The fact that 23 of 49 patients who received standard superv ised treatment were not completely cured indicated that there is a nee d to investigate extended or alternative treatments.