S. Kreiter et al., TOXICITY OF 4 FUNGICIDES TO THE PREDACEOUS MITE TYPHLODROMUS-PYRI (ACARI, PHYTOSEIIDAE), Journal of economic entomology, 91(4), 1998, pp. 802-811
A population of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten in Burgundy, France, was te
sted over a 4-yr period with 4 different registered fungicides applied
at recommended field rates. Toxicities of these fungicides were found
to be stable over the 4 yr except for that of dinocap. Dinocap (Karat
hane LC, formulation with 73% phenylcrotonates, 5% nitrophenols, and 2
2% solvent, mainly xylene and impurities before 1994) was found to be
toxic the Ist yr, became neutral in the field as early as 2nd yr, and
showed reduced toxicity (at the normal dose of 525 ppm) over the 4-yr
period. This reduction of susceptibility was confirmed in a laboratory
resistance test. A selection process for resistance to this normally
toxic fungicide seemed to be in progress.