SHH, BMP-2 AND HOXD-13 GENE-EXPRESSION IN CHICK LIMB BUD CELLS IN CULTURE

The anteroposterior axis of the vertebrate limb bud is determined by s ignals from the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). Sonic hedgehog (Shh ) is expressed in the posterior mesoderm, which corresponds closely to ZPA activity. Moreover, Bmp-2 and HoxD genes are expressed in the bro ader posterior mesoderm, and it is thought that the ZPA signaling path way consists of these gene products. Limb outgrowth and patterning, in cluding expression of these genes, depend on the apical ectodermal rid ge (AER). Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) have been identified as cand idates for signal molecules from the AER. To further understand the ZP A signaling pathway and the participation of FGF, expressions of these genes were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactio n in chick limb bud cells cultured with FGF-4. The present results ind icate that FGF-4 cannot maintain Shh expression but can maintain Hoxd- 13 expression in cultured posterior cells; moreover, Bmp-2 is expresse d independently of FGF-4. These results suggest that Bmp-2 and Hoxd-13 expressions do not require a continuous expression of Shh. Further, i t was demonstrated that posterior cells cultured with FGF-4 recovered Shh expression when grafted to the limb bud, indicating that FGF-4 mai ntains not Shh expression itself but competence of Shh expression.