We discuss the theoretical interpretation of observational data concer
ning the clustering of galaxies at high redshifts. Building on the the
oretical machinery developed by Matarrese et al., we make detailed qua
ntitative predictions of galaxy clustering statistics for a variety of
cosmological models, taking into account differences in spatial geome
try and initial fluctuation spectra and exploring the role of bias as
a complicating factor in these calculations. We demonstrate that the u
sual description of evolution (in terms of the parameters epsilon and
r(0)) is not useful for realistic galaxy clustering models. We compare
the detailed predictions of the variation of correlation functions wi
th redshift against current observational data to constrain available
models of structure formation. Theories that fit the present-day abund
ance of rich clusters are generally compatible with the observed redsh
ift evolution of galaxy clustering if galaxies are no more than slight
ly biased at z similar to 1, We also discuss the interpretation of a c
oncentration of Lyman-break galaxies found by Steidel et al., coming t
o the conclusion that such concentrations are not unexpected in 'stand
ard' models of structure formation.