ANTHROPOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES IN TIDE-WASHED PASTURES BORDERING THE IRISH SEA COAST OF ENGLAND AND WALES

The activity concentrations of Cs-137, Pu-238, Pu-239,Pu-240 and Am-24 1 were measured in root mat and vegetation samples collected from tide washed pastures in 17 estuaries spanning the eastern seaboard of the Irish Sea, extending from the Solway in north-west England to St. Davi d's Head in south Wales. Some of these estuaries had been investigated in previous surveys, but this study is unique in that it covered a wi de geographic range using the same sampling and analytical methodology and within a comparatively short time scale. This allows for a valid comparison within the data set of the contamination levels at the diff erent areas. Spatial distributions of the radionuclides were consisten t with transport of radionuclides discharged to the Irish Sea from the Sellafield Nuclear Reprocessing Plant, with the highest activities oc curring in the Esk estuary (closest to Sellafield) and lowest at the W elsh sites. Measurable activity concentrations of Pu-238 and Pu-239,Pu -240 were found in root mat samples from the Solway estuary to as far south as the Gwyrfai in Wales and showed an average Pu-238/Pu-239,Pu-2 40 ratio of 0.2, consistent with Sellafield-derived Pu. The ratios of Cs-137/Am-241 increased with distance from the source, with values of 1:1 in estuaries near Sellafield to ratios between 2 and 5 in estuarie s further south and in excess of 10:1 in Wales. This is probably due t o the more rapid movement of dissolved Cs-137 in Irish Sea waters comp ared with the actinides. In contrast, Am-241 and Pu-239,Pu-240 behave similarly with consistent ratios of between 2:1 and 3.1, as both are a ssociated with particulates. Dose assessment calculations suggest that external exposure would be a maximum of 530 mu Sv at the most contami nated spot at the Esk estuary. Relatively lower doses arise from the i ngestion of animal products (along the soil-vegetation-grazing animal pathway) due to the low availability of sediment-associated radionucli des for gut transfer. The dose assessment calculations highlight the i mportance of using the appropriate transfer parameters that take into account this low bioavailability.