THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPING RESOURCES IN ADULTHOOD

We examined three community samples to determine whether stressful epi sodes form a context for the development of coping resources in adulth ood. The first study found that 81.9% of a sample of 845 older men rep orted drawing upon prior experiences in coping with a recent problem. Content analysis revealed that only 22.7% drew upon similar stressful episodes; the rest drew upon problems from work, the military, illness es, deaths, etc. The second study replicated the earlier findings in 1 02 men and women, ages 24 to 84, who reported on a recent low point in semistructured interviews. In addition, 75% reported long-term effect s, equally split between negative, positive, and mixed effects. Those individuals who perceived advantages from the low point were significa ntly more likely to report positive long-term effects. The third study replicated the findings from the first two studies in a sample of 941 men and women ages 23 to 62. Path analyses showed that coping strateg ies differentially predicted perceived positive or negative outcomes, which in turn predicted current mastery and depression levels. While t he findings are cross-sectional and causality cannot be inferred, they are nonetheless supportive of the effects of stress and coping on per sonality.