This paper presents mathematical programming models for the optimal pr
ocess plant layout based on a continuous dimensional space. Two altern
ative formulations are proposed which can accommodate rectangular equi
pment footprints of arbitrary size. Then, one of the formulations is e
xtended to account for a common designer objective: to organize the la
yout into well-defined production sections. All models are formulated
as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problems which can be solve
d to global optimality by using commercial optimization software. The
applicability of the proposed mathematical models is demonstrated by a
number of illustrative examples.