DIFFERENTIATED THYROID-CANCER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Introduction: There have been only a few studies on differentiated chi ldhood thyroid cancer (DTC) in children and adolescents. Methods: We a nalyzed the characteristics of DTC with respect to age, gender and his tology in 114 patients under 18 years of age. In a questionnaire-based survey, data of 114 patients, aged between 3 years and 18 years, was collected from 65 clinical institutions in Germany. Characteristics of 80 females and 34 males were evaluated, and the prognostic effect of age, gender, histology, multicentric growth, tumor stage and N-status on distant metastases was tested using multivariate discriminant analy sis. Between-group comparison was performed using student t-test and c hi-squared test. Results: The incidence of DTC in females was higher t han in males with a peak of female:male ratio at puberty, which was mo re pronounced in children with papillary thyroid cancer, but not with follicular thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer was associated wit h more advanced disease (P = 0.009), more lymph-node involvement (P = 0.007) and more distant metastases (P = 0.02) compared with follicular thyroid cancer. Multivariate analysis showed advanced tumor stage as the only significant factor (P = 0.02) associating with distant metast asis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that in children and adolescents : 1. The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer is higher in females th an males, with a peak at puberty. 2. The only significant factor assoc iated with distant metastases is the advanced tumor stage. 3. Childhoo d thyroid cancer is frequently associated with lymph-node involvement, distant metastases and advanced tumor stage. 4. Papillary childhood t hyroid cancer is more aggressive than follicular type.