Gu. Meduri et al., PNEUMONIA IN ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME - A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF BILATERAL BRONCHOSCOPIC SAMPLING, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 158(3), 1998, pp. 870-875
Citations number
36
Categorie Soggetti
Emergency Medicine & Critical Care","Respiratory System
We evaluated the diagnostic yield of bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage
(BAL) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with
suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and compared BAL resu
lts from contralateral sites. Ninety-four ARDS patients with suspected
VAP underwent 172 bronchoscopies (344 BALs). BAL was processed for qu
antitative cultures, total cell count and subjected to microscopic ana
lysis for cell differential, presence of intracellular organisms (ICO)
, and Cram stain. The diagnostic threshold for VAP was a growth of gre
ater than or equal to 10(4) cfu/ml in BAL culture. Most episodes (68%)
had bilateral insignificant bacterial growth. Forty (43%) patients ha
d one or more episodes of VAP. Thirty-three of the 55 (60%) positive b
ronchoscopies had significant growth in only one side, 18 were right B
AL, and 15 were left BAL. Episodes with bilateral significant growth w
ere more likely to be polymicrobial, to have a bacterial growth greate
r than or equal to 10(5) cfu/ml in the BAL, and to possess a higher pe
rcentage of neutrophils and ICO. Among 65 microorganisms recovered in
significant concentration, Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred in 43% and
S. aureus in 15%. Overall, Cram stain had a sensitivity of 54% and a s
pecificity of 87%; and Giemsa stain (> 2% ICO) had a sensitivity of 46
% and a specificity of 93%. Antibiotic treatment was modified by the r
esults of BAL cultures in 50 (91%) episodes of pneumonia. In patients
with ARDS and suspected VAP, bilateral BAL quantitative bacterial cult
ures had significant growth on one side only in 19% and in both sides
in 13%.