Patients often expect to be given antibiotics for any illness affectin
g the ears and sinuses, regardless of whether such treatment is warran
ted. Consequently, bacterial resistance to these agents is rising, mak
ing antibiotic choice a moving target. What types of otitis media and
sinusitis should be treated with antibiotics, and which agents are cur
rently the most effective for each condition? Drs Ahuja and Thompson d
iscuss the established classification and treatment guidelines for the
se conditions and shed light on the dilemma regarding when and when no
t to treat.