Pretreatment of organic samples can be achieved by removal of contamin
ants, or, alternatively, by isolation of sample-specific components, w
e discuss the molecular aspects of these two pretreatment types, toget
her with an assessment of their effectiveness in relation to sample ty
pe. The main division in sample type is the one between carbohydrates
and proteins, leading to opposite chemical strategies for the two samp
le categories. Recommendations for routine C-14 chemistry of organic s
amples also include the standardization of quality screening procedure
s using chemical, stable isotope and elemental data that can be collec
ted routinely during the pretreatment of each sample.