Jp. Rodriguez et P. Lederer, STRONGLY CORRELATED 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONS IN THE OVERDOPED LIMIT, Physical review. B, Condensed matter, 48(21), 1993, pp. 16051-16055
A square-lattice gauge-theory model for the holon liquid existing in t
he unconventional metallic phases of strongly interacting two-dimensio
nal electron liquids is introduced. The phase of the holon order param
eter couples in a gauge-invariant way to a statistical gauge field, wh
ich arises from strong-interaction physics. We find that the superflui
d transition that exists in the absence of statistical gaugefield exci
tations in the holon liquid turns into a crossover phenomenon in the p
resence of such fluctuations. The corresponding high-temperature phase
shows a T-linear resistance, while the low-temperature phase exhibits
a T2 dependence for the resistance. The crossover temperature scale T
(c0) vanishes, however, in the limit of maximum statistical fluctuatio
ns. While we find that statistical gauge-field excitations are strictl
y gapless, the residue of the pole corresponding to such excitations b
ecomes exponentially small at temperatures small in comparison to T(c0
).