Let L(M) be the (factorial) language avoiding a given anti-factorial l
anguage M. We design an automaton accepting L(M) and built from the la
nguage M. The construction is effective if M is finite. If M is the se
t of minimal forbidden words of a single word nu, the automaton turns
out to be the factor automaton of nu (the minimal automaton accepting
the set of factors of nu). We also give an algorithm that builds the t
rie of M from the factor automaton of a single word. It yields a nontr
ivial upper bound on the number of minimal forbidden words of a word.
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