Dh. Ashmead et al., ECHOLOCATION RECONSIDERED - USING SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN THE AMBIENT SOUND FIELD TO GUIDE LOCOMOTION, Journal of visual impairment & blindness, 92(9), 1998, pp. 615-632
This article presents an acoustical model and evidence from four exper
iments that children with visual impairments use the buildup of low-fr
equency sound along walls to guide locomotion. The model differs from
the concept of echolocation by emphasizing sound that is ambient, rath
er than self-produced, and of low, rather than high, frequency.