The contact force calculation using in discrete element simulation is
typically calculated by single spring and damping models. It is found
that the commonly used linear model gives unrealistic behaviour. A non
-linear model of Tsuji [4] combined with the correct separating time g
ives more realistic results. Single spring and damping does not allow
particles with different surface properties. A double spring and dampi
ng model: each particle with a separate spring and damping, is present
ed in this paper so that the different surface properties of each part
icle can be taken into account, To simply the calculations for particl
es with different surface properties, two methods of matching double s
pring damping models to single spring-damping models are presented in
this paper.