We consider theoretical models of nonlinear optical propagation suitab
le for describing optical Z-scan measurements within the strongly nonl
inear regime. In particular, we demonstrate the equivalence of two alt
ernative descriptions of beam propagation from a thin nonlinear refrac
tor, in which the transmission measurements are modelled using a recei
ving aperture of arbitrary size. If nonlinear absorption is the domina
nt process, then we predict that a localized peak within the normalize
d transmittance will appear at the waist position and should be observ
able if the nonlinear interaction is sufficiently strong. (C) 1998 Els
evier Science B.V. All rights reserved.