In recent years there has been an increase in the number of centres, e
specially in the USA, using prostate brachytherapy as a means of treat
ing localised prostate cancer. Several centres now have medium term fo
llow up data of large numbers of patients treated with this technique
suggesting that outcome in terms of tumour control may be comparable t
o patients treated surgically. This review summarises results from dif
ferent brachytherapy series and outlines some of the possible advantag
es of this technique compared with current conventional treatments for
localised prostate cancer.