Kp. Pages et al., PREDICTORS AND OUTCOME OF DISCHARGE AGAINST MEDICAL ADVICE FROM THE PSYCHIATRIC UNITS OF A GENERAL-HOSPITAL, Psychiatric services, 49(9), 1998, pp. 1187-1192
Objective: The study examined predictors of discharge against medical
advice (AMA) and outcomes of psychiatric patients with AMA discharges,
as measured by poorer symptom ratings at discharge and higher rates o
f rehospitalization. Methods: A total of 195 patients discharged AMA f
rom general hospital psychiatric units were compared retrospectively w
ith 2,230 regularly discharged patients. AMA status was defined as sig
ning out against medical advice, being absent without leave, or being
administratively discharged. All patients received standardized assess
ments within 24 hours of admission and at discharge. Demographic chara
cteristics, psychiatric history, DSM-IV psychiatric and substance use
diagnoses, and scores on an expanded 32-item version of the Psychiatri
c Symptom Assessment Scale were compared. Results: The groups did not
differ in primary psychiatric diagnoses. Patients discharged AMA were
significantly less likely to be Caucasian or to be functionally impair
ed due to physical illness. They were more likely to live alone, have
a substance use diagnosis, use more psychoactive substances, and have
more previous hospitalizations. Patients discharged AMA had significan
tly shorter lengths of stay, higher rehospitalization rates, and more
severe symptoms at discharge, even when length of stay was taken into
account. The differences between the groups in male gender and young a
ge were better accounted forby a greater likelihood of substance abuse
in these groups. Conclusions: The results suggest a profile of patien
ts who may be discharged AMA. Such patients have worse outcomes and ar
e more likely to be high utilizers of inpatient resources. Aggressive
identification of patients likely to be discharged AMA and early disch
arge planning for appropriate outpatient treatment are recommended.