Measurements of the background neutron environment, at a depth of 1780
m (4800 mwe) in the Underground Laboratory of Modane (L.S.M.) are rep
orted. Using a Li-6 liquid scintillator, the energy spectrum of the fa
st neutron flux has been determined. Monte Carlo calculations of the (
alpha,n) and spontaneous fission processes in the surrounding rock has
been performed and compared to the experimental result. In addition,
using two He-3 neutron counters, the thermal neutron flux has been mea
sured. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.