A door-to-door survey was carried out in rural areas of the Cordillera
province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. A cluster sample of 10,124
inhabitants was selected. The aim was to determine the prevalence of t
he most common neurological diseases (epilepsy, stroke, parkinsonism a
nd peripheral neuropathy) in this population using a modification of t
he World Health Organization screening instrument. 1,130 subjects scre
ened positive and were then investigated by neurologists. In this pape
r we describe the background and methods of the survey and the charact
eristics of the population.