COGNITIVE DEFICITS ASSOCIATED WITH FRONTAL-LOBE INFARCTION IN CHILDREN WITH SICKLE-CELL DISEASE

This study examined the cognitive manifestations of frontal-lobe infar ction in a population of children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Fort y-one patients with SCD underwent MRI. Five patients with stroke sympt oms had large infarcts encroaching on the tissue of the frontal lobes. Four patients without symptoms had smaller frontal-lobe infarcts. The patients with stroke were significantly impaired on measures of intel ligence, memory, and frontal-lobe function (Wisconsin Card Sorting Tes t, WCST) compared with both the patients with normal MRI scans (N=30) and a group of sibling controls (N=15), who did not differ from each o ther. Patients with covert infarction obtained scores on the intellige nce tests and the WCST that fell in between those of the stroke patien ts and the other two groups. This trend toward impairment suggests tha t patients with covert infarction are at similar risk for cognitive de ficits to those with stroke.