FALLS IN A PSYCHIATRIC UNIT

The purposes of this descriptive study were to document the prevalence of previously identified risk factors for falls in a group of acutely ill psychiatric patients, to determine if patients who fell differed from nonfallers with respect to risk factors, and to describe the circ umstances surrounding falls that occurred on an inpatient unit. All pa tients admitted to an acute psychiatric unit during a 7-month period w ere entered into the study (N = 197). Twice a day, nurses who worked o n the unit completed a fall-risk factors checklist for each patient. W hen a fall occurred, an additional instrument designed to measure circ umstances associated with the fall was completed. The most frequently occurring risk factors were clinical diagnoses of depression and confu sion or disorientation. Seventeen patients fell during their hospitali zation. Compared with nonfallers, patients who fell were more likely t o have a previous history of falls, generalized weakness, confusion or disorientation, difficulty with mobility or walking, elimination prob lems, and temperature elevation. Analysis of circumstances surrounding falls showed that the majority of falls occurred when patients were a ttempting to get out of bed, walk to the bathroom at night, or change from a sitting to a standing position. Findings from this research can be used to identify psychiatric patients who are at risk for falls du ring their hospitalization. Copyright (C) 1998 by W.B. Saunders Compan y.