L. Liu et al., CAN THE VACUUM FOAM STRUCTURE SOLVE THE FLATNESS PROBLEM OF A BIG-BANG UNIVERSE, Physical review. D. Particles and fields, 52(8), 1995, pp. 4752-4753
It seems the vacuum foam structure of the very early universe, togethe
r with the traversable Lorentzian wormholes inherent in it, could prov
ide a very large statistical entropy, which means that we may easily s
olve the flatness problem in a big bang universe without inflation.