Tm. Jones et al., FISHERIAN FLIES - BENEFITS OF FEMALE CHOICE IN A LEKKING SANDFLY, Proceedings - Royal Society. Biological Sciences, 265(1406), 1998, pp. 1651-1657
We experimentally investigated the fitness consequences of female mate
choice in order to test the relative importance of three competing bu
t non-exclusive hypotheses for the maintenance of pronounced female ma
ting preferences on leks: that females benefit directly; that they gai
n indirect Fisherian benefits by producing more attractive sons; or th
at they benefit indirectly because preferred males possess 'good genes
' that confer increased viability on their sons and daughters. We allo
wed lekking female sandflies, Lutzomyia longipalpis, to choose between
males of varying attractiveness to females, and monitored the consequ
ences for their own survival and reproductive success as well as for t
heir offspring. In contrast to the predictions of the direct-benefits
model, we found no clear sire effect on the fecundity or survival of t
he females themselves; females mating with more attractive males did s
urvive longer after oviposition, but never long enough to undertake a
second batch of egg laying. We also found no evidence that females gai
ned good-genes benefits in terms of enhanced offspring survival. Howev
er, we did find that generally attractive males fathered sons who were
then chosen when they in turn formed leks. Although not completely pr
ecluding other benefits, our results indicate that Fisherian benefits
are at least partly responsible for maintaining female choice at L. lo
ngipalpis leks. These findings indicate the importance of testing all
putative benefits concurrently in exploring the maintenance of female
mate choice.