We propose GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures as a model system to study
the phenomenon of photoluminescence (PL) up-conversion and demonstrat
e low-temperature up-converted PL (UPL) in these heterostructures. We
find that a mechanism to prevent up-converted carriers in the AlxGa1-x
As layer from thermalizing back to the GaAs layer is essential for eff
icient UPL. We also find that neither a type-II band alignment nor exi
stence of long-lived intermediate states is an essential requirement o
f UPL. The results of time-resolved UPL measurements are interpreted w
ithin the current models.