INTRAVASAL CONTRACEPTION WITH STYRENE-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE AND ITS NONINVASIVE REVERSAL IN LANGUR MONKEYS (PRESBYTIS-ENTELLUS ENTELLUS)

In male langurs with azoospermia induced by vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA), the exploratory feasi bility of azoospermia r eversal by a new noninvasive reversal procedure has been assessed. Pal pation, percutaneous electrical stimulation of the vas deferens, force d vibratory movement, suprapubic percussion, and per rectal digital ma ssage of the vas deferens are the components of the multimodal noninva sive reversal procedure. The exploratory investigation reveals that a single application of the procedure leads to reversal of azoospermia. Normospermia with normal motility and viability appears after third ej aculation onwards after reversal manipulations. Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, reve aled that the spermatozoa attained normalcy and sperm functional tests (ie, hypo-osmotic swelling test, slide test for acrosome intactness, and test for sperm mitochondrial activity index) further confirmed the normalcy of the spermatozoa toward their fertilizing ability. Semen b iochemistry appeared normal throughout the course of investigation. Th e morphology of the vas deferens, which showed exfoliation of the epit helium, was in the process of regaining normalcy after 90 days of reve rsal manipulations. The results suggest that noninvasive reversal tech nique offers the possibility of the functional azoospermia reversal wi thin a short period of time. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.