H. Appelshauser et al., SPECTATOR NUCLEONS IN PB-CENTER-DOT-GEV(PB COLLISIONS AT 158 A), EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI, 2(4), 1998, pp. 383-390
The composition of forward-going projectile spectator matter in fixed-
target Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A.GeV at the CERN SPS has been studied
as a function of centrality. The data were measured with the NA49 veto
calorimeter. We observe that forward-going spectator matter in centra
l collisions consists of 9 neutrons, 7 protons, and half a deuteron on
average. At large impact parameters most spectator nucleons are bound
in fragments. The relative resolution of the average impact parameter
derived from the measurement of spectator neutrons is roughly 19% in
the range from zero to half maximum impact parameters.