This analysis of unstudied census materials and Maya-language notarial
records explores the nature of Maya familial organization and identit
y in colonial Yucatan, Mexico. At the intersection of the two primary
units of Maya society, the community and the patronym-group, existed t
he extended family, which was formed through marriage alliances within
largely endogamous communities between strictly exogamous patronym-gr
oups, expressed as a multiunit patriarchal household of about ten memb
ers, and given cohesion by community and patronym-group identities and
by familiar participation in working and owning property. Marriages m
ay have been later and separate newlywed households less common, than
previously suggested.