A number of issues inherent in the selection of friends as controls in
case-control studies are illustrated in the light of a recent dietary
study, based on hospital and friend controls. Preselection of certain
characteristics of the controls by the interviewee is almost unavoida
ble. The choice of controls to be used in a case-control study must re
flect the nature and type of hypothesis which is being tested. Advanta
ges and drawbacks of potential control groups must be weighted against
each other.