TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS INFECTION INDUCES SEVERE MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES OF THE ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM

The tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) movement protein (MP) facilitates trans port of virus infection between adjacent cells by modifying plasmodesm ata. Previous studies suggested that the cytoskeleton and the endomemb rane system are involved in this transport. We examined the effects of TMV infection on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in transgenic Nicotia na benthamiana that accumulate the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the ER. Fluorescence microscopy was used to show that early in infecti on the ER undergoes dramatic morphological changes that include the co nversion of tubular ER into large aggregates that revert to tubular ER in later stages of infection. These changes parallel MP accumulation and degradation. Furthermore, a fusion protein comprising MP fused to GFP accumulates in or on these large aggregates of ER. Expression of M P-GFP in the absence of virus infection led to the production of fluor escent aggregates of the same apparent form and size. Microsomes isola ted from infected leaves contain MP. We show that the MP appears to be have as an integral ER membrane protein and is exposed on the cytosoli c face of the ER. The importance of the association of MP with ER and its possible role in intracellular and intercellular spread of infecti on is discussed.