K. Soetaert et C. Heip, NEMATODE ASSEMBLAGES OF DEEP-SEA AND SHELF BREAK SITES IN THE NORTH-ATLANTIC AND MEDITERRANEAN-SEA, Marine ecology. Progress series, 125(1-3), 1995, pp. 171-183
The nematode community structure of several shelf break and deep-sea s
tations in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean is compared using
data from the literature. Samples from 2 Mediterranean deep-sea canyon
s have a unique fauna of predatory and scavenging nematodes (e.g. Syno
nchiella, Halichoanolaimus, Gammanema) which comprise some 20 to 30% o
f the community, while some of the typical deep-sea genera (Theristus,
Acantholaimus) are only marginally present. The nematode generic comp
osition of the other sites reveals a gentle transition from the shelf
break (Bay of Biscay; Mediterranean) over the slope (Mediterranean) to
wards the continental rise, abyssal plain and hadal depths (Bay of Bis
cay, Puerto Rico Trench, HEBBLE site, Hatteras Abyssal Plain). At all
these sites predators and omnivores are less abundant (<10 %), while b
acterial feeders (deposit and epistrate feeders) predominate. With inc
reasing water depth, the genus Sabatieria becomes less dominant, while
the genera Theristus, Acantholaimus and Halalaimus gain in importance
. We suggest that this is caused by the growing importance of the oxic
mineralization pathway at greater depth, As such the relative amount
of organic matter that enters the suboxic and anoxic regions of the se
diment diminishes with depth. These anoxic or suboxic regions are typi
cally inhabited by Sabatieria. It is argued that larger fluxes of orga
nic matter to the bottom in the Mediterranean canyon, compared to the
other sites, allow for a higher trophic complexity of the nematode com
munities and a higher mean nematode biomass. Trends in nematode biomas
s, mean individual weight and nematode density are discussed.