L. Clare et al., PARENTS DEVELOPMENTAL EXPECTATIONS AND CHILD CHARACTERISTICS - LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS AND THEIR FAMILIES, American journal of mental retardation, 103(2), 1998, pp. 117-129
The relation between child characteristics and parents' developmental
expectations for their children with developmental delays at ages 3, 7
, and 11 was examined. Parents' developmental expectations were modera
tely stable over time, tending to decline as children matured. As hypo
thesized, parents' developmental expectations were associated with chi
ld characteristics at age 3 and became increasingly correlated with ch
ild characteristics over time. Results of regression analyses generall
y support the hypothesis that early child characteristics, but not ear
ly parent expectations, are the best predictors of parents' developmen
tal expectations and child outcomes at child age 11. The one exception
was the prediction of children's daily living competence by a combina
tion of early parent expectations and children's Gesell DQ scores.