Paepalanthus humilis, known only from Piata, Bahia, Brazil, is describ
ed and illustrated. Its placement in Paepalanthus sect. Actinocephalus
is clear, due to flowers and inflorescence features. The species is c
ompared to P. bahiensis (Bongard) Kunth, P. brachypus (Bongard) Kunth,
P. ciliatus (Bongard) Kunth, and P. ochrocephalus Koernicke, the spec
ies most similar to it.