COMPACT LOW-VOLTAGE POWER-EFFICIENT OPERATIONAL-AMPLIFIER CELLS FOR VLSI

Compact low-voltage power-efficient operational amplifiers are describ ed that are very suitable as very-large-scale-integration library cell s because of the small die area of 0.08 mm(2) and the minimum supply v oltage of 1.8 V. A key part of the circuit is the rail-to-rail class-A B output stage with folded mesh feedback control that combines power e fficiency with operation down to 1.8 V and allows sufficient gain in a compact two-stage topology. A version with rail-to-rail input stage f eatures a rail-to-rail input range for supply voltages down to 2.5 V. The dc gain of the op-amps is more than 80 dB while driving 10 k Omega , and the unity-gain frequency is 4 MHz with phase margin of 67 degree s while driving 5 pF. The equivalent input noise voltage is 38 nV/root Hz at a frequency of 100 kHz. The amplifiers have been implemented in a standard digital 1.6-mu m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor p rocess.