Mg. Wagger et al., NITROGEN AND CARBON CYCLING IN RELATION TO COVER CROP RESIDUE QUALITY, Journal of soil and water conservation, 53(3), 1998, pp. 214-218
Citations number
33
Categorie Soggetti
Water Resources",Ecology,"Agriculture Soil Science
The importance of cover crops as determinants of soil quality has long
been recognized in agriculture, from their common use as green manure
crops in the mid 1900s to the broader range of cover mop management s
trategies in cropping systems of the 1990s. The two principal elements
regulating soil biological activity, and hence nutrient cycling, are
carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). This regulatory effect is manifested prim
arily in resource quality, which is a term representing the chemical c
omposition and physical characteristics of cotter crops. The primary c
hemical factors determining the kinetics of residue decomposition and
nutrient release are the C:N ratio and concentrations of lignin and ot
her structural carbohydrates in plant tissues. With respect to N avail
ability, grasses and legumes may serve different roles in cover crop-b
ased production systems. Certain grass cover crops, most notably rye,
have demonstrated a superior ability to scavenge for residual soil ino
rganic N compared to legumes. In contrast, legume cotter mops such as
crimson clover and hairy vetch have the ability to provide substantial
amounts of biologically-fixed N to crops such as corn, cotton, and so
rghum. However, improvements are needed in the synchrony of cover crop
N release with principal mop demand for N to efficiently utilize this
source of N. In this regard future avenues for research should includ
e a greater emphasis on plant breeding efforts to enhance the multipur
pose roles of grass and legume cover crept, innovative management stra
tegies utilizing cotter crops, and the we of models to enhance our pre
dictive capabilities of nutrient cycling efficiencies in cropping syst
ems.