The development of the medial clavicular epiphysis and its fusion with
the clavicular shaft have been a subject of medical research since th
e second decade of this century. Computed tomography provides the imag
ing modality of choice in analyzing the maturation process of the ster
nal end of the clavicle. In a retrospective study, we analyzed normal
development in 380 individuals under the age of 30 years. The appearan
ce of an epiphyseal ossification center occurred between ages 11 and 2
2 years. Partial union was found from age 16 until age 26 pears. Compl
ete union was first noted at age 22 years and in 100% of the sample at
age 27 years. Based on these data, age-related standardized age distr
ibutions and 95% reference intervals were calculated. Compared to the
experience recorded in the relevant literature, there are several land
marks that show no significant change between different ethnic groups
and different periods of publication; these are the onset of ossificat
ion, the time span of partial union, and the appearance of complete un
ion. Despite the relatively long time spans of the maturation stages,
bone age estimation based on the study of the development of the media
l clavicular epiphysis may be a useful tool in forensic age identifica
tion in living individuals, especially if the age of the subject is ab
out the end of the second or the beginning of the third decade of life
(e.g. in determining the applicability of adult or juvenile penal sys
tems). Another possible use is in identifying human remains whose age
is estimated at under 30 years.